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Métodos Anticonceptivos

Todas las personas tienen derecho a: Información y orientación completa, veraz y oportuna en anticoncepción, libre elección de un método anticonceptivo, acceso a servicios de anticoncepción y seguimiento al uso de métodos de planificación familiar.

Vasectomía

Es una operación sencilla y segura. Ésta, permite que los hombres puedan prevenir embarazos no intencionales, puede realizarse en clínicas y hospitales a partir de los 18 años.

Se coloca anestesia en el área cercana a los testículos. Después se hace una pequeña herida en la bolsa que los envuelve, se realiza una incisión en los conductos que trasladan a los espermatozoides, esto evitará que lleguen al líquido seminal.

  • Presentarse al lugar donde se hará la operación, deberá rasurarse el área testicular.
  • Llevar ropa interior ajustada.
  • Al llegar a casa, colocar hielo en la zona testicular operada.
  • Utilizar ropa interior ajustada
  • Evitar ejercicios que requieran esfuerzo.
  • No se debe tener relaciones sexo coitales durante los próximos 15 días.
  • Debe lavar el área testicular día a día, limpiando con jabón antibacteriano.
  • Presentarse a un chequeo pasados los 8 días de la operación.

Surte efecto hasta tres meses después de realizada la operación, por lo que deberás utilizar un método de planificación familiar durante ese tiempo. Para mayor efectividad, se puede realizar un examen en la Clínica de APROFAM donde verificarán que ya no haya espermatozoides en el semen, luego de esto, ya no es necesario utilizar otro método de planificación familiar.

Es un método permanente.

No disminuye el deseo sexual.

No afecta la erección ni la eyaculación.

Usa condones si necesitas protección contra las ITS y el VIH/SIDA.

Anticoncepción Quirúrgica Voluntaria (AQV)

Es un método permanente para mujeres que ya no desean más hijos. Se puede realizar inmediatamente después del parto o a los 40 días.

La o el Médico de APROFAM realizará un corte en el abdomen, aproximadamente a dos centímetros hacia abajo del ombligo.

Luego, mediante el corte y cauterización de las trompas o bien la colocación de anillos o grapas en las mismas, se obstaculizará el paso de los espermatozoides al óvulo.

Esta operación se puede hacer inmediatamente después del parto o cuando decidas ya no tener más bebés.

  • Después de la recuperación ya no necesitarás utilizar otro método de planificación familiar. La operación no tiene efectos secundarios.
  • Se usa anestesia local.
  • No requiere hospitalización, unas horas después de la operación podrás regresar a tu casa.
  • Puedes tener dolor durante unos días después del procedimiento.
    Seguirás viendo tu menstruación cada mes.

Dispositivo Intrauterino (DIU)

Dispositivo pequeño de plástico flexible en forma de “T” recubierto con alambre de cobre que se introduce en el útero.

El cobre del que está compuesto provoca una reacción en el cuello que impide que los espermatozoides fecunden el óvulo.

Usa condones si necesitas protección contra las ITS o el VIH/SIDA

  • Algunos cólicos menstruales y sangrado más abundante durante la regla en los primeros meses de uso.
  • Seguro de usar
  • No es hormonal
  • Lo pueden usar mujeres jóvenes que aún no han tenido hijos
  • Protege de embarazos hasta por 10 años.

Implante Subdérmico

Son 2 barritas de silicón de 4 centímetros colocados bajo la piel de la parte interna del brazo de la mujer, para evitar el embarazo. Es un método hormonal que protege de 4 a 5 años.

Se coloca anestesia local, seguido de una pequeña incisión en la cara interna del brazo, para finalmente introducir debajo de la dermis el implante.

Las barritas están diseñadas para liberar hormonas que alterar la mucosidad del útero afectando el paso de los espermas.

  • Cambios en el ciclo menstrual.
  • Sangrado abundante.
  • Ausencia del período menstrual.
  • Dolor de cabeza
  • Mareos leves
  • Sensibilidad en los pechos.
  • Pasadas 24 h retirar la gasa y lavar con jabón antibacteriano, 2 o 3 veces al día durante 7 días.
  • No cargar objetos pesados.
  • Utilizar condón durante los primeros 7 días de la colocación.
  • Pasados los 7 días de la colocación, asistir a un chequeo médico.

Depo Progestin

Es un método anticonceptivo hormonal temporal, administrado por inyección intramuscular cada 3 meses.

Impide la salida del óvulo de los ovarios y espesa los fluidos vaginales, lo que dificulta el paso de los espermatozoides.

También produce cambios que alteran el endometrio.

La primera dosis se coloca, al inicio de la menstruación, siempre asegurando que no se esté embarazada.

  • No producen infertilidad.
  • No provocan adelanto de menopausia.
  • No causan abortos, defectos de nacimiento o nacimientos múltiples.

Depo Provera

Es un método anticonceptivo hormonal temporal administrado por inyección intramuscular cada 3 meses.

Utiliza la hormona progestina la cual suprime la ovulación. Aumenta la densidad de la mucosa cervical para evitar el paso del espermatozoide.

  • La primera dosis se coloca al inicio de la menstruación, siempre que se esté segura de no estar embarazada.
  • Su colocación es cada 3 meses.
  • Puede causar cambios en el patrón del sangrado menstrual durante los primeros 6 a 12 meses de uso y después del año es posible que la mujer no vea su menstruación.
  • Algunas mujeres podrían presentar cambios en la menstruación, dolores de cabeza, sensibilidad en los pechos, náuseas, acné, entre otros.

Pastillas Anticonceptivas

Las pastillas anticonceptivas orales combinados que contienen hormonas que impiden el embarazo durante el tiempo en que se toman.

Las pastillas anticonceptivas impiden la ovulación y aumentan la consistencia del flujo vaginal, lo que dificulta el paso de los espermatozoides.

  • La primera dosis se coloca al inicio de la menstruación.
  • En cualquier momento, siempre que estés segura de no estar embarazada.
  • En el posparto: después de 6 semanas si no estás amamantando y después de los 6 meses posparto si estás amamantando.
  • En el postaborto: en los primeros 7 días después del legrado o aspirado manual endouterino.
  • Alta eficacia si se toman todos los días.
  • Efecto inmediato si se inician en los primeros 7 días de la menstruación.
  • No interfiere en la capacidad sexual y el placer.
  • Pocos efectos secundarios.
Método Anticonceptiva

Pastilla de Emergencia (PAE)

La pastilla o píldora anticonceptiva de emergencia, también es conocida como “píldora del día después”, “plan B”, “de la mañana siguiente” o “anticonceptivo poscoital”.

Las PAE evitan el embarazo y no provocan aborto, ya que funcionan impidiendo la ovulación y alterando la consistencia del flujo vaginal, lo cual impide la entrada de espermatozoides a la matriz.

  • Después de la relación sexo coital, considerando que no hayan pasado 72 horas.
  • No provoca aborto.
  • En caso de no funcionar y se dé el embarazo, la pastilla no afectará al feto.
  • No representan un riesgo para la salud de la mujer, pero deben usarse solo en caso de emergencia.
  • No provocan infertilidad.

Métodos de Barrera

El condón es el único método de barrera que nos protege de embarazos y no intencionales y de infecciones de transmisión sexual, incluyendo VIH/SIDA.

Son fundas delgadas de látex o poliuretano que se colocan sobre el pene erecto del hombre antes de tener sexo. Se utiliza uno en cada relación sexo-genital.

  •  Evita el embarazo
  •  Único método que previene las infecciones de transmisión sexual, entre ellas el VIH/SIDA
  •  Efectivo cuando se conserva y utiliza correctamente
  •  Fácil de conseguir y de usar

Funciona como una barrera impidiendo que el semen entre en la vagina, ya que está hecho de látex, un material fino y resistente.

Es el único método que previene infecciones de transmisión sexual, incluido el VIH/SIDA por lo cual, se puede utilizar combinado con otros métodos anticonceptivos.

Las parejas deben estar de acuerdo en usarlo.

En caso de que el condón se rompa, se pueden utilizar pastillas anticonceptivas de emergencia.

Para mayor efectividad se debe conservar adecuadamente, puedes utilizar una condonera para ello.

Antes de utilizar un condón, verifica la fecha de vencimiento.

Utiliza correctamente el condón en cada relación sexual.